Recently DSSSB announced good opportunity for post graduate teaching aspirants. A huge number of applicants applied for these post. Its great opportunity for all because DSSSB give 70000 plus gross salary to PGT TEACHERS. Before starting prepration we have so many questions about examination like cutoff, pattern of examination, syllabus etc. Here we are give few queries answer like DSSSB PGT EXAM SYLLABUS 2018 .
DELHI GUEST TEACHER VACANCY 2018
DSSSB PGT EXAM PATTERN:
PGT Examination Pattern have mainly two sections.
1. Concern subject 200 questions of 200 marks.
2. General Awareness 20 questions 20 marks, Numerical Ability 20 questions 20 marks , Reasoning Ability 20 for 20, Hindi & English 20,20 of 20,20 marks.
Overall 300 questions of 300 marks in 3 HOURS.
DSSSB PGT EXAM SYLLABUS MATHEMATICS:
Recently DSSSB announced huge opportunity for post graduate teaching aspirants.
Sets:
Sets and their representations. Empty set. Finite & Infinite sets. Equal sets. Subsets. Subsets of the set of real numbers. Power set. Universal set. Venn diagrams. Union and Intersection of sets. Difference of sets. Complement of a set.
Relations & Functions:
Ordered pairs, Cartesian product of sets. Number of elements in the cartesian product of two finite sets. Cartesian product of the reals with itself (upto R × R × R).Definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain.co-domain and range of a relation. Function as a special kind of relation from one set to another. Pictorial representation a function, domain, co-domain & range of a function. Real valued function of the real variable, domain and range of these functions, constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum and greatest integer functions with their graphs. Sum, difference, product and quotients of functions. Sets and their Representations. Union, intersection and complements of sets, and their algebraic properties, Relations, equivalence relations, mappings, one-one, into and onto mappings, composition of mappings.
Principle of Mathematical Induction:
Processes of the proof by induction. The principle of mathematical induction.
Permutations & Combinations: Fundamental principle of counting. Factorial n. Permutations and combinations, derivation of formulae and their connections, simple applications.
Complex Numbers:
Complex numbers, Algebraic properties of complex numbers, Argand plane and polar representation of complex numbers, Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, solution of quadratic equations in the complex number system. Modulus and Argument of a complex number, square root of a complex number. Cube roots of unity, triangle inequality.
Linear Inequalities:
Linear inequalities. Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their representation on the number line. Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables. Solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables-graphically. Absolute value, Inequality of means, Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality, Tchebychef’s Inequality.
Binomial Theorem:
Statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices. Pascal’s triangle, general and middle term in binomial expansion, simple applications. Binomial Theorem for any index. Properties of Binomial Co-efficients. Simple applications for approximations.
Sequence and Series:
Sequence and Series. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progressions (G.P.), General terms and sum to n terms of A.P., G.P. and H.P. Arithmetic Mean (A.M.), Geometric Mean (G.M.), and Harmonic Mean (H.M.), Relation between A.M., G.M. and H.M. Insertion of Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic means between two given numbers. Special series, Sum to n terms of the special series. Arithmetico-Geometric Series, Exponential and Logarithmic series.
Elementary Number Theory: Peano’s Axioms, Principle of Induction; First Principle, Second Principle, Third Principle, Basis Representation Theorem, Greatest Integer Function Test of Divisibility, Euclid’s algorithm, The Unique Factorisation Theorem, Congruence, Sum of divisors of a number. Euler’s totient function, Theorems of Fermat and Wilson.
Quadratic Equations:
Quadratic equations in real and complex number system and their solutions. Relation between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, formation of quadratic equations with given roots; Symmetric functions of roots, equations reducible to quadratic equations — application to practical problems. Polynomial functions, Remainder & Factor Theorems and their converse, Relation between roots and coefficients, Symmetric functions of the roots of an equation. Common roots.
Matrices and Determinants: Determinants and matrices of order two and three, properties of determinants, Evaluation of determinants. Area of triangles using determinants, Addition and multiplication of matrices, adjoint and inverse of matrix. Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations using determinants and matrices.
Two dimensional Geometry: Cartesian system of rectangular co-ordinates in a plane, distance formula, section formula, area of a triangle, condition for the collinearity of three points, centroid and in-centre of a triangle, locus and its equation, translation of axes, slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinate axes. Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, distance of a point from a line, Equations of internal and external bisectors of angles between two lines, coordinates of centroid, orthocentre and circumcentre of a triangle, equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines, homogeneous equation of second degree in x and y, angle between pair of lines through the origin, combined equation of the bisectors of the angles between a pair of lines, condition for the general second degree equation to represent a pair of lines, point of intersection and angle between two lines. Standard form of equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and centre, equation of a circle in the parametric form, equation of a circle when the end points of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to the circle, length of the tangent, equation of the tangent, equation of a family of circles through the intersection of two circles, condition for two intersecting circles to be orthogonal. Sections of cones, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola) in standard forms, condition for y = mx + c to be a tangent and point(s) of tangency.
Trigonometric Functions: Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians & in degrees and conversion from one measure to another. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Graphs of trigonometric functions. Expressing sin (x + y) and cos (x+ y) in terms of sinx, siny, cosx & cosy. Identities related to sin2x, cos2x, tan2x, sin3x, cos3x and tan3x. Solution of trigonometric equations, Proofs and simple applications of sine and cosine formulae. Solution of triangles. Heights and Distances.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions.
Differential Calculus: Polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions, Inverse functions. Graphs of simple functions. Limits, Continuity and differentiability; Derivative, Geometrical interpretation of the derivative, Derivative of sum, difference, product and quotient of functions. Derivatives of polynomial and trigonometric functions, Derivative of composite functions; chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit function. Exponential and logarithmic functions and their derivatives. Logarithmic differentiation. Derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives. Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems and their geometric interpretations.
Applications of Derivatives: rate of change, increasing / decreasing functions, tangents & normals, approximation, maxima and minima.
Integral Calculus:
Integral as an anti-derivative. Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Integration by substitution, by parts and by partial fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities. Definite integrals as a limit of a sum, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Basic Properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals; Applications of definite integrals in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, areas of circles / Parabolas / ellipses, area between the two curves.
Differential Equations: Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation.
Vectors:
Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines / ratios of vectors. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Scalar (dot) product of vectors, projection of a vector on a line. Vector (cross) product of vectors.
Three dimensional Geometry: Coordinates of a point in space, distance between two points; Section formula, Direction cosines / ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Angle between (i) two lines, (ii) two planes. (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point from a plane. Scalar and vector triple product. Application of vectors to plane geometry. Equation of a sphere, its centre and radius. Diameter form of the equation of a sphere.
Statistics:
Calculation of Mean, median and mode of grouped and ungrouped data. Measures of dispersion; mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped / grouped data. Analysis of frequency distributions with equal means but different variances.
Probability:
Random experiments: outcomes, sample spaces. Events: occurrence of events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events, Probability of an event, probability of ‘not’, ‘and’ & ‘or’ events., Multiplication theorem on probability. Conditional probability, independent events„ Baye’s theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution, Binomial and Poisson distributions and their properties. Linear Algebra Examples of vector spaces, vector spaces and subspace, independence in vector spaces, existence of a Basis, the row and column spaces of a matrix, sum and intersection of subspaces. Linear Transformations and Matrices, Kernel, Image, and Isomorphism, change of bases, Similarity, Rank and Nullity. Inner Product spaces, orthonormal sets and the Gram-Schmidt Process, the Method of Least Squares. Basic theory of Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues, algebraic and geometric multiplicity of eigen value, diagonalization of matrices, application to system of linear differential equations. Generalized Inverses of matrices, Moore-Penrose generalized inverse. Real quadratic forms, reduction and classification of quadratic forms, index and signature, triangular reduction of a pair of forms, singular value decomposition, extrema of quadratic forms. Jordan canonical form, vector and matrix decomposition.
Analysis:
Monotone functions and functions of bounded variation. Real valued functions, continuous functions, Absolute continuity of functions, standard properties. Uniform continuity, sequence of functions, uniform convergence, power series and radius of convergence. Riemann-Stieltjes integration, standard properties, multiple integrals and their evaluation by repeated integration, change of variable in multiple integration. Uniform convergence in improper integrals, differentiation under the sign of integral – Leibnitz rule. Dirichlet integral, Liouville’s extension. Introduction to n-dimensional Euclidean space, open and closed intervals (rectangles), compact sets, Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, Heine-Borel theorem. Maxima-minima of functions of several variables, constrained maxima-minima of functions. Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, singularities, Statement of Cauchy theorem and of Cauchy integral formula with applications, Residue and contour integration. Fourier and Laplace transforms, Mellin’s inversion theorem.
DSSSB PGT EXAM SYLLABUS 2018 PHYSICS:
Physical World and Measurement:
Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures. dimensional analysis and its applications.
Kinematics:
Frame of reference. Motion in a one, two and three dimension: Position-time graph, speed and velocity. Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity. Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion. Vectors: Position and displacement vectors. addition and subtraction of vectors. Relative velocity. scalar product of vectors, Vector product of vectors. Unit vector; Resolution of a vector in a plane – rectangular components. Motion in a plane. Cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration-projectile motion.
Laws of Motion:
Intuitive concept of force. Inertia, Newton’s first law of motion; momentum and Newton’s second law of motion; impulse; Newton’s third law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Types of friction, laws of friction,. Dynamics of uniform circular motion .
Work, Energy and Power:
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power. Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies); non-conservative forces: elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body:
Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conversation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of uniform rod.; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum with some examples. Dynamics of rigid bodies, comparison of linear and rotational motions; moment of inertia, radius of gyration. Values of moments of inertia for geometrical objects. Parallel and perpendicular axis theorems and their applications.
Gravitation:
Keplar’s laws of planetary motion. The universal law of gravitation. Variation of Acceleration due to gravity and with altitude, latitude and depth. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geo-stationary satellites.
Properties of Bulk Matter:
Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s law, modulus of elasticity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and its applications Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, Reynold’s number, streamline and turbulent flow. Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat – calorimetry; change of state – latent heat. Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity, Newton’s law of cooling. Thermodynamics: Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics).Heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics.
Second law of thermodynamics:
reversible and irreversible processes. Heat engines and refrigerators. carnot cycle and carnot’s theorem. Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas. Kinetic theory of gases, degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy and application to specific heats of gases; concept of mean free path, Avogadro’s number.
Oscillations and Waves:
Periodic motion – period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring—restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M.-kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum—derivation of expression for its time period; free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance. Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of wave motion. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect.
Electrostatics:
Electric Charges; Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law and its application, force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in uniform electric field. Gauss’s theorem and its applications Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor. Van de Graaff generator.
Current Electricity:
Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity. Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance. Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and its application.. Potentiometer – principle and its applications Thermal and chemical effect of current.
Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism:
Biot – Savart law and its application Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids. Lorentz’s force. Cyclotron, synchrotron. Interaction of a current-carrying conductor with magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors. Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field and its application; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferro- magnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.
Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents: Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Need for displacement current. Alternating currents and its measurement reactance and impedance; LC oscillations, LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits,. generator , motors and transformer.
Optics:
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker’s formula. Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism. Scattering of light and its application.
Optical instruments: Human eye-eye defects and its correction. Microscopes and astronomical telescopes and their magnifying powers.
Wave optics:
wave front and Huygens’ principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle. Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving powerof microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarisation, plane polarised light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids.
Modern Physics:
Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Compton effect, deffraction of X- rays, Bragg’s law, Hall effect. Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment. Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, packing fraction and magnetic moment, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones. Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; liquid drop model of nucleus, nuclear fission and fusion., critical mass ,chain reaction and fission reaction, ionization chamber, Geiger counter and scinitillation counter, linear accelerator.
Electronic Devices: Semiconductors; semiconductor diode — I–V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates and its combination. Transistor as a switch.
DSSSB PGT EXAM SYLLABUS 2018 BIOLOGY :
Diversity of living world: Taxonomic aids, keys, specimen management; Systematic and binomial system of nomenclature; Classification of living organisms(five kingdom classification, major groups and principles of classification within each group); General description of monera, protozoa, fungi, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms (major groups of angiosperms upto sub class); Botanical gardens, herbaria, zoological parks and museums. Salient features of animal (nonchordates up to phylum level and chordates up to class level).
Structural organisation in plants and animals: Morphology, Anatomy and histology of angiosperms: Root, stem, leaf, flower, inflorescence, fruits and seeds, Tissues: Meristamatic and permanent (epidermal, ground, vascular). Cambial activity, secondary growth, type of wood. Animal tissues; Morphology, Anatomy and histology of annelids, insects, amphibians.
Structural and functional organization of cell: Cell cycle, detailed study of Cell division (mitosis, meiosis); Cell death; Structure and function (metabolism) of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids; Enzymology: Classification and nomenclature of enzymes; Structure; Mechanism of action, single substrate and bisubstrate enzyme; Activators and inhibitors of enzymes; Factors affecting the activity of enzymes. Plant physiology: Water relations: Properties of water, water in tissues and cells, Transport of water and solutes (food, nutrients, gases): Transport across cell membrane; soil-plant-atmosphere continuum; Minerals required by plant, their absorbable form, functions, deficiency symptoms, essentiality of mineral, N2 metabolism, biological fixation;
Cellular Metabolism: Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, hormonal regulation; Oxidation of food, respiratory efficiency of various food components; transport and detoxification of ammonia, Lipid Metabolism; Photosynthesis: Basic principles of light absorption, excitation energy transfer, electron transports, cycles (C2, C3, C4, CAM), plant productivity, measurement of photosynthetic parameters; Physiological responses to abiotic stresses; Sensory photobiology; Plant growth regulators: Growth, differentiation/de-differentiation and re-differentiation, development; Physiological affects and mechanism of action of plant growth hormones, Flowering: Photoperiodism and its significance, endogenous clock and its regulation, floral induction and development, vernalisation; Plant movements.
Human biology: Morphology, Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, Control and Disorders of Digestion, Respiration, Body fluids and Circulation, Excretion, Skeleton system & muscle, Nervous; Physiology of high altitude.
Sexual Reproduction: Plants: Structural details of angiospermic flower, development of gametophytes, pollination and its types, agencies of pollination, pollen-pistil interaction, fertilization, Artificial hybridization (emasculation and bagging) development of seed and fruit; Apomixis and Polyembryony; Self incompatibility: Structural and biochemical aspects; methods to overcome incompatibility; Experimental Embryology; Human Reproduction: Morphology, Anatomy, Histology and Physiology of reproduction ; Neuro-endocrine control Sexual behavior in infancy, pre-adolescence, adolescence and of adult; Implantation, Pregnancy and Parturition; Mammary gland and Lactation; Infantile mammary gland, pubertal changes in mammary gland; Structure of adult mammary gland, galactopoiesis, milk let down; Menopause. Senescence — Impact of age on reproduction. Foetal and Embryonic Gonads and Genital ducts; Hormonal basis of sex differentiation; Disorders of sexual differentiation development; Reproductive Health: Problems and strategies, Population explosion—causes and effects, birth control measures-natural methods, physical / barrier, bio-chemical, hormonal, immunological, surgical methods, IUD’s, amniocentesis, female feticide, MMR, IMR, MTP, STD’s, infertility Disorders of female and female reproductive systems — Sexual dysfunction; Infertility — Causes and curative measures; Reproductive toxicology of environmental and industrial chemicals, drug and alcohol; Medically assisted human reproductive technologies, GIFT, IUT, ZIFT, TET; Embryo culture.
Genetics : Principles of Inheritance and Variation: Mendelian genetics, Inheritance of one gene, two genes, post mendelian inheritance; Recombination frequency, chromosomal theory of inheritance; Drosophila genetics, linkage and recombinations; Mutation: General properties of mutations; Adaptation versus mutation; molecular basis of gene mutation: DNA repair mechanisms; Pedigree analysis; Human karyotype-banding; genetic and environmental basis of sex determination, Y-and X-linked genes; Numerical and Structural abnormalities of human chromosomes and related syndromes; Human metabolic disorders.; Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Chemical nature of DNA and RNA, Biological functions of nucleic acids; Search for genetic material, RNA world; Replication; Transcription and processing of RNA, Genetic code; Translation, post-translational modifications; Ribosomes and Proteins; Regulation of Gene expression; DNA Fingerprinting; Gene mapping; Chromosome banding; Restriction enzyme, nucleotide sequence comparisons and homologies; Molecular clocks; Genetics in modern agriculture, animal breeding, medicine, human behaviour; Misuse of genetics; Genetic Counseling; Gene therapy; HGP; Gene Activity in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Signals for gene control — Hormones and growth factors; Totipotency & Pleuripotency; Stem cell and Gene therapy; Bacterial transformation, transduction and conjugation, Bacterial chromosome; Bacteriophages: Types, structure and morphology; Evolutionary biology: Cosmic evolution—Physical basis of life; Theories of origin of life; Origin of life through biochemical evolution; Experimental evidences for origin of life; The origin of natural selection; Extraterrestrial life; Evolution of the eukaryotic cell: Evolution of the Metazoa; Evolution of chordata and the evolution of the major vertebrate classes; Origin and evolution of man: Population Genetics; Genetic variations; Polymorphism; Gene frequency; Hardy Weinberg equilibrium; Genetic drift, founder effect; adaptive radiations, ecological significance of molecular variations. Biology in Human welfare: Health and disease; types of diseases, common diseases in humans; Immunology — Innate and Acquired immunity; Passive and active immunization; Organization and structure of lymphoid organ; Cells of the immune system and their differentiation; Lymphocyte traffic; Nature of immune response; Structure and Functions of antibodies: Antigen-Antibody interactions; Humoral immune response; Cell mediated. immunity; Immunological memory; Auto-immunity; Allergies; HLA system in human: MHC haplotypes; Transplantation types and problems; Immunodeficiency disorders; etiology of HIV; types, genetics and biochemistry of cancer; Drugs and alcohol abuse, Addiction, drug dependence, ill effects, prevention, its abuse in adolescents and its management; Strategies for food production and enhancement: Animal husbandry, management of farm animals, breeding strategies (natural and artificial) and their types, economic importance of each; Plant breeding, method of release of new variety, HYV of common cereals and pulses, bio-fortification, SCP; Tissue culturing, somatic hybridization; Microbes in Human Welfare: Technology associated and use of Microbes in household, industries, medicine, bio-active molecules, sewage treatment and STP, Ganga and Yamuna action plan, biogas production, biocontrolagents, biofertilizers. Principles of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering tools and technique, technique of separation and isolation of DNA, cloning vectors, electrophoresis, bio reactors, processing of its products. Tissue engineering; Cryopreservation; Fusion methods, detection and applications of monoclonal antibodies, DNA vaccines, Edible vaccines.; Application in agriculture: GMO for pest resistance, RNAi and dsRNA technology, Application in Medicine, genetically engineered products, gene therapy. Molecular diagnosis: serum and urine analysis, PCR, ELISA; Transgenic animals: their physiology, biological products and their use for testing the safety of vaccine and chemicals; Bioethics issues; biopyracy. Ecology: Organism and its environment, distribution of biomes, major physical factors and the physiological responses shown by organisms; Physical adaptation of plants and animals, rules governing adaptations; Population attributes and growth, logistic curves, Darwinian fitness; Population interactions and their theories; Ecosystem structure and functions, ecosystem productivity and standing crop, decomposition in nature, energy flow in GFC / DFC, ecological pyramids, succession of community; Nutrient cycle; ecosystem services; Biodiversity types and its patterns, importance of diversity, its loss and their causes, conservation strategies; Environmental issues: Types of pollution, their indicators, causes, effects, prevention and treatment; Deforestation, recommended forestation, reforestation, case studies of people’s participation in conservation.