COMPUTER AND INTERNET TERMINOLOGY SHORT FORMS

Any exam like ‌UGC NET ,  IBPS , SSC, RBI etc.  if there is computer questions  then atleast one question would be from short form. COMPUTER AND INTERNET TERMINOLOGY SHORT FORMS are give below.

AAL ATM Adaptation Layer
AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol
ABM Asynchronous Balance (HDLC)
ABR Available Bit Rate
AC Access Control (IEEE)
ACF Access Control Field (DQDB)
ACK Acknowledgment
ADM Add/Drop Multiplexer
ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Links
AIS Alarm Indication Signal (SONET)
PC Personal computer
COMPUTER Commonly operating machine particularly used for
technology entertainment and research
HTML Hyper text markup language
AJAX Asynchronous javascript and xml
ORACLE Oak ridge automatic computer and logical engine
RDBMS Relational database management system
SQL Structured query language
XML Extensible markup language
PERL Practical extraction and report language
PHP Hypertext preprocessor
ASP Active server pages
API Application programming interfaces
XHTML Extensible hypertext markup language
CSS Cascading style sheets
ASCII American standard code for information interchange
XSL Extensible style sheet language
J2EE- Java 2 platform enterprise edition
JSP- Java server page
VBS Visual basic scripting language
JS Java script
3GP 3rd generation protocol
3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
AAC Advanced audio codec
AC3 Dolby digital sound file
AIFF Audio interchange file format
AMR Adoptive multi rate
AWB Adoptive multi rate wideband
AVI Audio video interleaved
CDA Compact disk audio
DLL Dynamik link library
DVD Digital video disk
EXE Executable format
FLAC Free lossless audio codec
FLV Flash live video

REVISE ALL COMPUTER AND INTERNET TERMINOLOGY SHORT FORMS ATLEAST ONCE

JPEG Joint photographic expert group
BMP Bitmap
GIF Graphics interchange format
JAD Java application development
JAR Java archive
MIDI Musical instrument digital interface
MMF Music Mobile Format
MP2 Mpeg audio layer 2
MP3 Mpeg audio layer 3
MP4 Mpeg layer 4
MPEG Motion picture experts group
PDF Portable document format
PNG Portable network/new graphics
RM Real media
SIS Symbian installation source
SWF- Shock wave flash
ZIP Zone improvement plan
VCD Video compact disk
VOB Video object
WAV Waveform pcm audio
WMA Windows media audio
PDF Portable document format
M3G Mobile 3d graphics
M4A Mpeg-4 audio file
MMF Synthetic music mobile application file
XMF Extensible music file
WBMP Wireless bitmap image
DVX Divx video
WML Wireless markup language
CD Compact disk.
DVD Digital versatile disk.
CRT Cathode ray tube.
DAT Digital audio tape.
DOS Disk operating system.
GUI Graphical user interface.
HTTP Hyper text transfer protocol.
HTTPS Hyper text transfer protocol secure
. IP Internet protocol.
ISP Internet service provider.
TCP Transmission control protocol.
UPS Uninterruptible power supply.
VHF Very high frequency.
UHF Ultra high frequency.
ALU Arithmetic logic unit
URL Uniform resource locator

WINDOWS Wide interactive network for development of office
work solution
AMD Advance micro device
ASPI Advacne scsi programming interface
ASIC Application specific integrated circuit
EPROM Erasable programmable read only memory.
FPS Frame per second
USB Universal serial bus.
VIRUS Vital information resource under seized.
RAM Random access memory
ROM Read only memory
MIME Multipurpose internet mail extensions
SMTP Simple mail transfer protocol
IMAP Internet message access protocol
HSDPA High speed downlink packet access.
EDGE Enhanced data rate for gsm evolution.
GPRS General packet radio service.
3G 3rd generation.
GSM Global system for mobile communication.
CDMA Code division multiple access.
UMTS Universal mobile telecommunication system.
ARPANET Advanced research project agency network.
AM/FM Amplitude/ frequency modulation.
WLAN Wireless local area network
CPU Central processing unit
RAM random access memory
ROM read only memory
PROM Programmable Read Only Memory
HDD Hard Disk Drive
FDD Floppy Disk Drive
KBD KeyBoard
I/O Input & Output
CD Compact Disk
DVD Digital Video Disk
SMPS Switch Mode Power Supply
POST Power ON Self Test
BIOS Basic Input Output System
VDU Visible Display Unit
LED Light Embedded Diode
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
USB Universal Serial Bus
VGA Video/Visual Graphic Adapter
LAN Local Area Network
WAN Wide Area Network
MAN Metropolitan Area Network

HLL High Level Language
LLL Low Level Language
MIPS Million of Instruction Per Second
Mbps Mega Bytes Per second
Kbps Kilo Bytes per second
CMD Command
KB Kilobyte
MB Mega byte
GB Giga byte
GiB Gibi byte
TB Tera byte
TiB Tebi byte
PB Peta byte
PiB Pebi byte
EB Exa byte
ATA Advanced Technology Attachment
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
Ajax Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
ASP Active Server Pages/Application Service Provider
API Application Programming Interface
ATA Advanced Technology Attachment
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
BiDi Bi-Directional
bin binary
BAL Basic Assembly Language
BASIC Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BIOS Basic Input Output System
bps bits per second
BCD Binary Coded Decimal
Blog Web Log
BMP Basic Multilingual Plane
BT BitTorrent / Bluetooth
BW Bandwidth
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CPU Central Processing Unit
CIM Common Information Model
CRS Computer Reservations System
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
CLI Command Line Interface
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
CSI Common System Interface
CD-R CD-Recordable
CD-ROM CD Read-Only Memory

CD-RW CD-Rewritable
CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
CSV Comma-Separated Values
COBOL Common Business-Oriented Language
CGI Common Gateway Interface /Computer-Generated
Imagery
DAO Data Access Objects
DHTML Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language
DAT Digital Audio Tape
DB Database
DIVX Digital Video Express
DVD Digital Video Disc
DVD-R DVD-Recordable
DVD-ROM DVD-Read Only Memory
DVD-RW DVD-Rewritable
DOS Disk Operating System
DDR Double Data Rate
DNS Domain Name System
EEPROM Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only
Memory
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
FAT File Allocation Table
FAQ Frequently Asked Questions
FDD Floppy Disk Drive
FDMA Frequency-Division Multiple Access.
FS File System
FSB Front Side Bus
FTP File Transfer Protocol
Gb Gigabit / GB&Gigabyte
GIF Graphics Interchange Format
GPL General Public License
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
HD High Density
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HD DVD High Definition DVD
HP Hewlett-Packard
HT Hyper Threading
HTM Hierarchical Temporal Memory
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Hz Hertz
IBM International Business Machines

IC Integrated Circuit
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IDE Integrated Development Environment /Integrated
Drive Electronics
IE Internet Explorer
IIS Internet Information Services
IM Instant Messaging
IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol
I/O Input/Output
IP Intellectual Property /Internet Protocol
IrDA Infrared Data Association
ISA Industry Standard Architecture /Instruction Set Archi-
tecture
iSCSI Internet Small Computer System Interface
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISP Internet Service Provider
IT Information Technology
J2EE Java 2 Enterprise Edition
J2ME Java 2 Micro Edition
J2SE Java 2 Standard Edition
JDK Java Development Kit
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
JRE Java Runtime Environment
JS JavaScript
KB Keyboard /Kilobyte /Knowledge Base
Kb Kilobit
kHz Kilohertz
KVM Keyboard, Video, Mouse
LED Light-Emitting Diode
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
Mb Megabit
MB Megabyte
MBR Master Boot Record
MDI Multiple Document Interface
MHz Megahertz
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MMU Memory Management Unit
MMX Multi-Media Extensions
MNG Multiple-image Network Graphics
MPEG Motion Pictures Experts Group
MOSFET Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
MPEG Motion Pictures Experts Group
MS Microsoft
MS-DOS Microsoft DOS

NIC Network Interface Controller
NTFS NT Filesystem
NVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access Memory
OO Object-Oriented
OS Open Source /Operating System
P2P Peer-To-Peer
PAN Personal Area Network
PATA Parallel ATA
PC Personal Computer
PCB Printed Circuit Board
PC DOS Personal Computer Disk Operating System
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCIe PCI Express
PERL Practical Extraction and Reporting Language
PGA Pin Grid Array
PHP PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
PIC Peripheral Interface Controller /Programmable Inter-
rupt Controller
PLC Power Line Communication /Programmable Logic
Controller
POST Power-On Self Test
PPI Pixels Per Inch
PS/2 Personal System/2
PSU Power Supply Unit
RAD Rapid Application Development
RAM Random Access Memory
RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
RAIT Redundant Array of Inexpensive Tapes
RF Radio Frequency
RGB Red, Green, Blue (RGBA&Red, Green, Blue, Alpha)
RIP Raster Image Processor /Routing Information Proto-
col
ROM Read Only Memory
ROM-DOS Read Only Memory – Disk Operating System
SATA Serial ATA
SCSI Small Computer System Interface
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SFTP Secure FTP /Simple File Transfer Protocol
SHDSL Single-pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line
SIMD Single Instruction, Multiple Data
SIMM Single Inline Memory Module
SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
SPI Stateful Packet Inspection
SVG Scalable Vector Graphics
SVGA Super Video Graphics Array

TB TeraByte
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
tmp temporary
TTF TrueType Font
TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
URL Uniform Resource Locator
USB Universal Serial Bus
UTF Unicode Transformation Format
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
VB Visual Basic
VBA Visual Basic for Applications
VBS Visual Basic Script
VPN Virtual Private Network
VPU Visual Processing Unit
WAN Wide Area Network
WAP Wireless Access Point /Wireless Application Protocol
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WMA Windows Media Audio
WMV Windows Media Video
WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network
XML eXtensible Markup Language
Y2K Year Two Thousand
EiB Exbi byte
ZB Zetta byte
ZiB Zebi byte
YB Yotta byte
YiB Yobi byte
LCD Liquid crystal display
LED Light-emitting diode
NTFS New technology file system
FAT File allocation table
DOC Document
TXT Text
SD Secure digital
USB Universal serial bus
IT Information technology
NET Internet
IP Internet protocol
AP Access point
DNS Domain name system
HTTP Hypertext transfer protocol

HTTPS Hypertext transfer protocol secure
HTML Hypertext markup language
PHP Hypertext preprocessor
XML Extensible markup language
CSS Cascading style sheets
ASP Active server pages
SQL Structured query language
RSS Really simple syndication
DMCA Digital millennium copyright act
IPV4 Internet protocol version 4
IPV6 Internet protocol version 6
VOIP Voice over internet protocol
FAQ Frequently asked questions
SEO Search engine optimization
1024 Bytes 1 Kilo Byte ( KB )
1024 KB 1 Mega Byte ( MB )
1024 MB 1 Gyga Byte ( GB )
1024 GB 1 Tera Byte ( TB )
1024 TB 1 Peta Byte ( PB )
1024 PB 1 Exa Byte ( EB )
1024 EB 1 Zetta Byte ( ZB )
1024 ZB 1 Yotta Byte ( YB )
ANI Automatic Number Identification
ANS American National Standards
ANSI American National Standards Institute
API Application Programming Interface
APS Automatic Protection Switching
ARM Asynchronous Response Mode (HDLC)
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
Async Asynchronous
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AU Access Unit (DQDB)
AUI Attachment Unit Interface (Ethernet 802.3)
B8ZS Bipolar with 8 Zero Substitution
BCC Block Check Characters
BCD Binary Coded Decimal
BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification (FR)
Bellcore Bell Communications Research
BER Bit Error Ratio or Rate
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
BIP Bit Interleaved Parity (8)
B-ISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network
B-NT Broadband Network Terminator
BO Bit Oriented (SONET)
BOC Bell Operating Company

BOM Beginning of Message (DQDB)
BootP Bootstrap Protocol
bps Bits per second or bytes per second
BRI Basic Rate Interface (ISDN)
BSC IBMOs Binary Synchronous Communications proto-
col
B-TA Broadband Terminal Adapter (ATM)
B-TE Broadband Terminal Equipment (ATM)
CAD/CAM Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufac-
turing
CAN Customer Access Node (SMDS)
CBDS Connectionless Broadband Data Service
CBEMA Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers
Association
CBR Constant Bit Rate
CCI Carrier-to-Carrier Interface
CCITT Consultative Committee International Telegraph &
Telephone
CD CountDown counter (DQDB)
CE Connection Endpoint
CEPT Conference on European Post & Telegraph
CIR Committed Information Rate (FR)
CL Connectionless (SONET)
CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier
CLLM Consolidated Link Layer Management (FR)
CLNP Connectionless Layer Network Protocol
CLNS ConnectionLess Network Service (OSI)
CLSF ConnectionLess Server Function (ITU-T)
CMIP Common Management Interface Protocol (ISO)
CMIS Common Management Information Service (ISO)
CMISE CMIS Element (ISO)
CMT Connection Management (FDDI)
CNMS Customer Network Management System
CO Central Office
COAM Customer Owned and Maintained
COCF Connection-Oriented Convergence Function (DQDB)
COM Continuation of Message (DQDB)
CONS Connection-Oriented Network Service (ITU-T)
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
C/R Command/Response Indicator or bit
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check or Test
CS Convergence Sublayer (DQDB)
CSMA/CD Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detec-
tion
CSU Channel Service Unit

CTI Computer-to-telephony interface
DA Destination Address field
DAL Dedicated Access Line
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Program Agency
DARPAnet Defense Advanced Research Program Agency net-
work
DAS Dual-Attach Station connection (FDDI)
DCE Data Communications Equipment
DCS Digital Cross-connect System
DDD Direct Distance Dialing
DDS Digital Data Service
DE Discard Eligibility (FR)
DEC Digital Equipment Corporation
DH DMPDU Header (DQDB)
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier (FR)
DMPDU Derived MAC PDU (DQDB)
DNIS Directory Number Information Service
DNS Distributed Naming Service
DPG Dedicated Packet Group (FDDI)
DoD Department of Defense
DQDB Distributed Queue Dual Bus (IEEE)
DS0 Digital Signal Level 0
DS1 Digital Signal Level 1
DS3 Digital Signal Level 3
DSAP Destination Service Access Point (LLC)
DSG Default Slot Generator (DQDB)
DSP Digital Signal Processor
DSU Data Service Unit
DT DMPDU trailer (DQDB)
DTE Data Terminal Equipment
DTMF Dual Tone MultiFrequency
DVMRP Distance Vector MulticaRouting Protocol
DXC Digital Cross-Connect
DXI Data Exchange Interface (SMDS, ATM)
E1 European Transmission Level 1
E3 European Transmission Level 3
EA Extended Address
ECN Explicit Congestion Notification (FR)
ECSA Exchange Carriers Standards Association
ED End Delimiter (IEEE 802)
EDI Electronic Data Interchange (or document inter-
change)
EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol
EGRP Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol

EIA Electronics Industries Association
EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
EIR Excess Information Rate
EMA Enterprise Management Architecture (DEC)
EOM End Of Message
EOT End Of Transmission
ES End System (OSI)
ESF Extended SuperFrame
ES-IS End System-to-Intermediate System protocol (OSI)
ETB End of Transmission Block
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETX End of Text
F Flag
FC Frame Control field (FDDI)
FCS Frame Check Sequence (FR)
FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface (ANSI)
FDDI-II Fiber Distributed Data Interface Version II
FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing
FEBE Far End Block Error
FEC Forward Error Correction
FECN Forward Explicit Congestion Notification (FR)
FERF Far End Reporting Failure
FIFO First In, First Out
FM Frequency Modulation
FOIRL Fiber-Optic InterRepeater Link (Ethernet 802.3)
fps Frames per second
FR Frame Relay
FRAD Frame Relay Assembler/Disassembler, or Access De-
vice
FS Frame Status field (FDDI)
FT1 Fractional T1
FTP File Transfer Protocol
Gbit Gigabits (billions of bits)
Gbps Gigabits per second (109 bps)
GFC Generic Flow Control
GFID General Format Identifier
GFI General Format Identifier (X.25)
GGP Gateway-Gateway Protocol (DoD)
GOS Grade of Service
GOSIP Government Open System Interconnection Profile
GUI Graphical User Interface
HCS Header Check Sequence (DQDB)
HDTV High Definition TeleVision
HDLC High-Level Data Link Control (ISO)
HEC Header Error Control

HOB Head of Bus (DQDB) A or B
HSRP Hot Standby Routing Protocol
HSSI High-Speed Serial Interface
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP Hypertext Trasfer Protocol
Hz Hertz or cycles per second
ICF Isochronous Convergence Function (DQDB)
ICIP Inter-Carrier Interface Protocol (SMDS)
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
IDRP InterDomain Routing Protocol
IEC InterExchange Carrier
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IGP Interior Gateway Protocol
IGP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (CiscoS )
ILMI Interim Local Management Interface
IMPDU Initial MAC Protocol Data Unit (DQDB)
IMSSI Inter-MAN Switching System Interface (DQDB)
I-MAC Isochronous Media Access Control (FDDI)
intraLATA intraLocal Access Transport Area
ISN Initial Sequence Number (DoD)
IP Internet Protocol (DoD)
IPCP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (DoD)
IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange protocol (Novell)
IS Intermediate System (OSI)
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISDU Isochronous Service Data Unit (DQDB)
IS-IS Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (OSI)
ISO International Standards Organization
ISP Internet Service Protocol
ISSI Inter-Switching System Interface (SMDS)
ISU Isochronous Service User (SMDS)
IT Integrated Technology
ITU International Telecommunications Union
IVR Integrated Voice Recognition
IXC IntereXchange Carrier
kbit kilobit (thousands of bits)
kbps kilobits per second (103 bps)
km kilometers (103 meters)
LAN Local Area Network
LANE LAN Emulation
LAP-B Link Access Procedure – Balanced (X.25)
LAP-D Link Access Procedure – D Channel (ISDN/Frame
Relay)

LAP-F Link Access Procedure – Frame Mode
LAT Local Area Transport protocol (DEC)
LATA Local Access Transport Area
LB Letter Ballot
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LCGN Logical Channel Group Number
LCP Link Control Protocol
LEC Local Exchange Carrier
LECS LAN Emulation Configuration Server
LES LAN Emulation Server
LLC Logical Link Control (IEEE 802.X)
LME Layer Management Entity (DQDB)
LMI Local Management Interface (FR)
LSB Least Significant Bit
LT Line Termination
LTE Line Terminating Equipment (SONET)
LU Logical Unit (SNA)
m meter
MAC Media Access Control (IEEE 802.X)
MAN Metropolitan Area Network (DQDB, FDDI)
Mbit Megabits (millions of bits)
Mbps Megabits per second (106 bps)
MCF MAC Convergence Function (DQDB)
MCP MAC Convergence Protocol (DQDB)
MHz Megahertz
MIB Management Information Base (SNMP)
MIC Media Interface Connector (FDDI)
MID Message IDentifier (DQDB), Multiplexing IDentifier
(ATM)
MIPS Millions of Instructions Per Second
MMF Multimode Fiber
MOP Maintenance and Operation Protocol (DEC)
MOSPF Multicast Open Shortest Path First
MPEG Motion Picture Encoding Group
MPOA MultiprotocolOver ATM
ms millisecond (one-thousandth of a second, 10-3 sec-
onds)
ms microsecond (10-6 second)
MSAP MAC Service Access Point (SMDS)
MSB Most Significant Bit
MSDU MAC Service Data Unit (SMDS)
MSS MAN Switching System (SMDS)
MTU Maximum Transmission Unit
MUX Multiplexer
NANP North American Numbering Plan

NBP Name Binding Protocol
NCP Network Control Protocol or Point (SNA)
NE Network Element
NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System protocol
NFS Network File Server
nm nanometer (10-9 meter)
NIC Network Interface Card
NMP Network Management Process (SMDS)
NMS Network Management System or Station
NNI Network-Node Interface (SONET)
NNI Network-to-Network Interface (FR)
NOS Network Operating System
NP Network Performance
NPA Numbering Plan Area
NRM Normalized Response Mode (ISO)
NRZ Non-return to zero
NRZI Non-return to zero invert ones
ns nanosecond (10-9 second)
OS Operating System
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
OSI CLNS Connectionless Network System (OSI)
OSIRM OSI Reference Model
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
OTC Operating Telephone Company
PA Prearbitrated segment or slot (DQDB)
PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange
PAD Packet Assembler/Disassembler (X.25)
PAF Prearbitrated Function (DQDB)
PBX Private Branch Exchange
PCN Personal Communications Network
PCR Peak Cell Rate
PCS Personal Communications Services
PDC Packet Data Channel (FDDI)
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDN Public Data Network
PDS Packet Driver Specification for public domain
PDU Protocol Data Unit (IEEE)
Ph-SAP Physical layer SAP (DQDB)
PHY Physical layer standard (FDDI)
PID Protocol IDentification
PIM Protocol Independent Multicast
Ping Packet Internet Groper
PIR Protocol Independent Routing
PL PAD Length (DQDB)
PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (DQDB)

PM Performance Monitoring
PMD Physical Layer Medium Dependent standard (FDDI)
POH Path Overhead (SONET)
POI Path Overhead Identifier (DQDB)
PON Passive Optical Network
PoP Point of Presence
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol (Internet)
Pps Packets per second
PRI Primary Rate Interface (ISDN)
PSPDN Packet-Switched Public Data Network
PT Payload Type
PTE Path-Terminating Equipment (PTE)
PTT Postal, Telegraph & Telephone Ministry/Administra-
tion
PU Physical Unit (SNA)
PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit or Channel (FR, X.25)
QA Queued Arbitrated (DQDB) segment, slot, access
function
QAF Queued Arbitrated Function (DQDB)
QoS Quality of Service
QPSX Queued Packet and Synchronous Exchange
RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company
RCP Remote Console Protocol (DEC)
RDI Remote Defect Indication (ATM)
REJ Reject frame
RFC Request for Comments
RIP Routing Information Protocol
RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
RJE Remote Job Entry
RMT Ring Management (FDDI)
RNR Receive Not Ready
RQ Request Counter (DQDB)
RR Receive Ready frame
RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol
RTMP Routing and Management Protocol (Apple)
RTP Routing Update Protocol
s second
SA Source Address field
SAP Service Access Point (ISO)
SAPI Service Access Point Identifier (ISO)
SAR Segmentation and Re-assembly (ATM)
SAS Single-Attach Station connection (FDDI)
SD Start Delimiter
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (ITU-T)

SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control protocol (IBM)
SDU Service Data Unit (DQDB)
SES Severely Errored Seconds
SF SuperFrame
SIG SMDS Interest Group
SIP SMDS Interface Protocol (SMDS)
SIR Sustained Information Rate (SMDS)
SMDS Switched Multimegabit Data Service
SMF Single-Mode Fiber
SMT System Management protocol (FDDI)
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SN Sequence Number
SNA System Network Architecture (IBM)
SNAP SubNetwork Access Protocol (SMDS)
SNI Subscriber Network Interface (SMDS)
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (DoD)
SOH Section Overhead
SONET Synchronous Optical Network (ANSI)
SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope (SONET)
SPF Shortest Path First protocol
SPM FDDI-to-SONET Physical Layer Mapping standard
SQL Structured Query Language
SREJ Select Reject frame
SRT Source Route Transparent protocol
SS Switching System (SMDS)
SSAP Source Service Access Point (LLC)
SSCOP Service-Specific Connection Oriented Protocol
(ATM)
SSCS Service-Specific Convergence Sublayer (ATM)
STE Section Terminating Equipment (SONET)
STM Synchronous Transfer Mode or Station Management
(SDH)
STM-n Synchronous Transport Module level n (SDH)
STP Shielded Twisted Pair
STP Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1d)
STS-n Synchronous Transport Signal Level n (SONET)
STS-Nc Concatenated Synchronous Transport Signal Level N
SVC Switched Virtual Circuit or Signaling Virtual Channel
SYN Synchronous Idle
t time
TA Terminal Adapter
TAPI Telephony Application Program Interface
TC Transmission Convergence sub-layer of PHY layer
(ATM)
TCP Transmission Control Protocol (DoD)

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(DoD)
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TE Terminal Equipment
TP Transport Protocol (CCITT)
TP4 Transport Protocol Class 4 (ISO)
TR Technical Report
TSAPI Telephony Services Application Programmers Inter-
face
UBR Unspecified Bit Rate
UDP User Datagram Protocol (DoD)
UNI User-to-Network Interface
UNMA Unified Network Management Architecture (AT&T)
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
VBR Variable Bit Rate
VC Virtual Channel or Virtual Call
VCC Virtual Channel Connection
VCI Virtual Channel or Circuit Identifier (DQDB)
VC-n Virtual Container-n (SDH)
VLSI Very Large Scale Integration
VP Virtual Path (ATM)
VPI Virtual Path Identifier (ATM)
VPN Virtual Private Network
VT Virtual Tributary (SONET)
VTx VT of size x (currently x = 1.5, 2, 3, 6)
VTx-Nc Concatenated Virtual Tributary (SONET)
WAN Wide Area Network
XNS Xerox Network Systems protocol (XEROX)
ZIP Routing and Management protocol (Apple)

Revise once before examination all above COMPUTER AND INTERNET TERMINOLOGY SHORT FORMS.

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